NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential cellular coenzyme that serves as an electron acceptor in cellular metabolic respiration. In laboratory models, it is used as an isolated reagent to observe sirtuin activation rates, track PARP-dependent DNA repair enzyme kinetics, and evaluate mitochondrial electron transport chain efficiency.